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eighth crusade
The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France against the city of Tunis in 1270. The Eighth Crusade is sometimes counted as the Seventh, if the Fifth and Sixth Crusades of Frederick II are counted as a single crusade. The Ninth Crusade is sometimes also counted as part of the Eighth. The crusade is considered a failure after Louis died shortly after arriving on the shores of Tunisia, with his disease-ridden army dispersing back to Europe shortly afterwards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Crusades of St. Louis )〕
==Prelude==
It is said that King Louis always regretted the result of his fateful Seventh Crusade that led to his capture at the hands of the Mamluks. 20 years later, nearing the end of his reign at the age of 56, Louis concocted plans for a final attempt to impose European status in the Holy Land.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Crusades of St. Louis )〕
Louis was additionally disturbed by events in Syria, where the Mamluk Sultan Baibars had been attacking the remnant of the Crusader states. Baibars had seized the opportunity after the War of Saint Sabas pitted the cities of Venice and Genoa against each other between 1256–1270, which had exhausted the resources and manpower of the Syrian ports that the two cities controlled. By 1265, Baibars had captured Nazareth, Haifa, Toron, and Arsuf. Hugh III of Cyprus, nominal king of Jerusalem, landed in Acre to defend that city, while Baibars marched as far north as Armenia, which was at that time under Mongol control. In 1268, the ancient city of Antioch fell to Baibars, with all its inhabitants slaughtered.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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